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Foreign policy is a government's strategy in relating with other nations. It encompasses all the goals, decisions, and activities that guide a nation's relations with other countries and international organizations.

During the Nigerian Civil War, Colonel Benjamin Adekunle, often referred to as "Black Scorpion," was the first and prominent commanding officer of the 3rd Marine Commando Division of the Nigerian Army.

While privatization aims to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the long run, a common immediate demerit, especially in the Nigerian context, has been the higher cost of goods and services for consumers as privatized entities seek to maximize profits and may face less regulation than public corporations.

1. Creation of unemployment (C) is also a frequent criticism as private companies often streamline operations.
2. Inefficient service delivery (D) is typically a demerit of public corporations, which privatization aims to address.

In a parliamentary system, a vote of no confidence (or censure motion) indicates that the legislature no longer has confidence in the executive. If such a vote passes, it typically leads to the resignation of the entire cabinet (including the Prime Minister), or it may trigger a general election.

While political parties may engage in increasing political awareness (A), formulating policies (B), and implementing programs (C) if they are in government, their fundamental and ultimate aim is to acquire and exercise political power (i.e., win elections and govern) in order to implement their agenda.

A unitary system of government centralizes power in a single national government, which can lead to simpler administrative structures and fewer overlapping functions compared to federal systems.

This often translates to it being cheaper to operate due to less bureaucracy and duplication of services across multiple levels of government. It doesn't necessarily make it more democratic (A), eradicate corruption (B), or eliminate tyranny (D).

Nigeria is a country with a large and diverse population. The rationale for adopting a federal system was to accommodate the country's ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity by allowing different groups to have some level of autonomy and self-governance

Non-alignment was a policy adopted by many newly independent countries during the Cold War. It meant that they would remain politically neutral and would not formally align themselves with either the Western Bloc (led by the USA) or the Eastern Bloc (led by the USSR).

One of the most important functions of a political party is to mobilize support and nominate candidates to contest for political offices. This is a fundamental aspect of democratic politics.

Population census figures in Nigeria have historically been highly contentious and politicized. Different regions and ethnic groups often believe that census figures are manipulated for political consideration, as population size directly impacts political representation (electoral districts) and resource allocation from the federal government.

A fundamental characteristic of a monarchy is that the head of state (the monarch) inherits their position, typically through heredity (birthright), rather than being elected or appointed.

The National Boundary Commission is a public body established to manage and resolve disputes that arise over the boundaries of states, local governments, and even international borders

The French colonial policy, particularly in West Africa, was characterized by the policy of assimilation. This policy aimed to integrate colonial subjects into French culture, language, and political systems, eventually granting them rights similar to French citizens if they adopted French ways.

The British, in contrast, largely favored a policy of indirect rule.

This question re-states the fundamental conditions of statehood. The most widely accepted attributes are: a definite territory, a permanent population, an effective government, and sovereignty (the capacity to enter into relations with other states).

Options B, C, and D include elements that are either too specific (police, army, resources, custom) or not direct attributes in the same definitional sense.

Judicial review is the power of courts to determine whether actions by the legislative and executive branches of government are in accordance with the constitution. If an act is found to be unconstitutional, it can be declared null and void.

Impeachment (A), vote of no confidence (B), and recall (C) are mechanisms to remove elected officials, not to check the constitutionality of their actions or laws

Herbert Macaulay is widely regarded as the founding father of Nigerian nationalism. He established the first political party in Nigeria, the Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP), in 1923, and was a prominent critic of British colonial rule.

An autocracy is a system of government where one person holds absolute power.

1. Theocracy (B) is a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
2. Democracy (C) is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
3. Aristocracy (D) is a form of government in which power is held by the nobility.

Federalism is a system of government in which power is constitutionally divided between a central (federal) government and constituent political units (like states or provinces).

1. Unitary (B) systems centralize power.
2. Con-federal (A) systems have weak central governments and strong, independent units.
3. Oligarchic (D) refers to rule by a small group.

Karl Marx's critique of capitalism centrally revolves around the concept of surplus value. He argued that capitalists pay workers only enough for their subsistence (wages) but extract more value from their labor than what they pay, and this "surplus value" is the source of capitalist profit, which he viewed as exploitation.

Public opinion, expressed through various channels such as media, surveys, protests, and general sentiment, is a key way that the needs, desires, and preferences of citizens are communicated to the government.

1. The judiciary (A) interprets laws.
2. Civil service (B) implements policies.
3. Political parties (C) aggregate interests but public opinion is the broader mechanism.