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Free JAMB Past Question for commerce
Q.1The economic environment of a business includes factors such as:
A. Government policies and regulations.
B. Consumer lifestyles and social trends.
C. Inflation, unemployment, and interest rates.
D. The level of technology available in a country.
The economic environment of a business includes factors such as:
A. Government policies and regulations.
B. Consumer lifestyles and social trends.
C. Inflation, unemployment, and interest rates.
D. The level of technology available in a country.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Types of business environment
Show explanation
The economic environment encompasses all the macro-economic factors that can influence a business's operations and profitability, such as economic growth, inflation, interest rates, and consumer spending patterns.
Q.2A key function of commerce is to differentiate between goods and services, but its primary role is to overcome barriers related to the exchange of goods and services. Which barrier is tackled by advertising?
A. Barrier of person
B. Barrier of finance
C. Barrier of knowledge
D. Barrier of place
A key function of commerce is to differentiate between goods and services, but its primary role is to overcome barriers related to the exchange of goods and services. Which barrier is tackled by advertising?
A. Barrier of person
B. Barrier of finance
C. Barrier of knowledge
D. Barrier of place
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Functions of commerce, Aids-to-trade, Advertising
Show explanation
Advertising informs potential customers about the existence, features, and benefits of products and services, thus overcoming the barrier of knowledge between producers and consumers. Without advertising, consumers might not know what's available to them.
Q.3Which of the following is a disadvantage of a wholesaler to a retailer?
A. They allow retailers to buy in small quantities.
B. They offer retailers a wide variety of goods.
C. They may delay the delivery of goods.
D. They provide credit facilities to retailers.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a wholesaler to a retailer?
A. They allow retailers to buy in small quantities.
B. They offer retailers a wide variety of goods.
C. They may delay the delivery of goods.
D. They provide credit facilities to retailers.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers
Show explanation
While wholesalers provide many benefits, delays in delivery can be a disadvantage, potentially leading to a loss of sales for the retailer and frustrating customers
Q.4Specialization in production leads to an increased output and efficiency. Which of the following is a major disadvantage of specialization and division of labor?
A. Increased time to train new workers.
B. High cost of acquiring specialized machinery.
C. The monotony of doing a repetitive task.
D. Reduced quality of goods due to rushed work.
Specialization in production leads to an increased output and efficiency. Which of the following is a major disadvantage of specialization and division of labor?
A. Increased time to train new workers.
B. High cost of acquiring specialized machinery.
C. The monotony of doing a repetitive task.
D. Reduced quality of goods due to rushed work.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Division of labor and specialization
Show explanation
Specialization can lead to boredom and a lack of job satisfaction for workers who perform the same simple task repeatedly. This can decrease motivation and, over time, potentially lead to carelessness or reduced productivity.
Q.5When a retailer wants to purchase goods, which of the following documents is used to request the price and terms of sale from a supplier?
A. Invoice
B. Quotation
C. Proforma Invoice
D. Enquiry
When a retailer wants to purchase goods, which of the following documents is used to request the price and terms of sale from a supplier?
A. Invoice
B. Quotation
C. Proforma Invoice
D. Enquiry
Correct Answer: option d
Further reading: Documentation in the purchase and sale of goods
Show explanation
An enquiry is the initial document or communication a potential buyer sends to a seller to ask for information about products, such as price, availability, and terms. It precedes a formal order and quotation
Q.6A business owned and managed by a single individual with unlimited liability is known as a:
A. Partnership
B. Limited Liability Company
C. Public Corporation
D. Sole Proprietorship
A business owned and managed by a single individual with unlimited liability is known as a:
A. Partnership
B. Limited Liability Company
C. Public Corporation
D. Sole Proprietorship
Correct Answer: option d
Further reading: Forms and features of business units
Show explanation
A sole proprietorship is a business run by one person, where there's no legal distinction between the owner and the business. This means the owner is personally responsible for all business debts and liabilities.
Q.7Which of the following is an internal source of long-term finance for a business?
A. Bank overdraft
B. Ploughing back of profit
C. Sale of shares
D. Mortgage
Which of the following is an internal source of long-term finance for a business?
A. Bank overdraft
B. Ploughing back of profit
C. Sale of shares
D. Mortgage
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Sources of finance
Show explanation
Ploughing back of profit, also known as retained earnings, is an internal source of finance where a company reinvests its profits back into the business instead of distributing them to shareholders.
Q.8Which of the following is an example of an e-commerce activity?
A. Transferring money between bank accounts using a mobile app.
B. Sending an email to a business partner.
C. A company selling products to customers through its website.
D. Using a word processor to write a business report.
Which of the following is an example of an e-commerce activity?
A. Transferring money between bank accounts using a mobile app.
B. Sending an email to a business partner.
C. A company selling products to customers through its website.
D. Using a word processor to write a business report.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: ICT activities
Show explanation
E-commerce specifically refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the internet. Other options relate to e-banking, communication, and general computer use
Q.9What is the term for the global network of computers that allows users to access and share information?
A. Intranet
B. Extranet
C. Local Area Network (LAN)
D. Internet
What is the term for the global network of computers that allows users to access and share information?
A. Intranet
B. Extranet
C. Local Area Network (LAN)
D. Internet
Correct Answer: option d
Further reading: ICT terms
Show explanation
The Internet is a vast, interconnected global network that links billions of devices and allows for the exchange of data and information worldwide. An intranet is a private network for an organization's employees, and LAN is a local network for a specific area
Q.10A car manufacturer places an advertisement on a national television network during primetime. What type of advertising medium is this?
A. Direct mail
B. Print media
C. Broadcast media
D. Outdoor advertising
A car manufacturer places an advertisement on a national television network during primetime. What type of advertising medium is this?
A. Direct mail
B. Print media
C. Broadcast media
D. Outdoor advertising
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Types and media of advertising
Show explanation
Broadcast media includes television and radio, which transmit advertisements to a wide audience through airwaves. Direct mail and print media are examples of different advertising categories.
Q.11A business merger where two companies in completely different industries combine is known as a:
A. Horizontal merger
B. Vertical merger
C. Conglomerate merger
D. Lateral merger
A business merger where two companies in completely different industries combine is known as a:
A. Horizontal merger
B. Vertical merger
C. Conglomerate merger
D. Lateral merger
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Business mergers and reasons for merging
Show explanation
A conglomerate merger involves firms that are unrelated to each other, unlike horizontal mergers (competitors) or vertical mergers (suppliers and customers). This type of merger is often done for diversification.
Q.12Which of the following is a key reason for a business to merge with another company?
A. To increase competition.
B. To reduce the company's market share.
C. To achieve economies of scale.
D. To decrease market power.
Which of the following is a key reason for a business to merge with another company?
A. To increase competition.
B. To reduce the company's market share.
C. To achieve economies of scale.
D. To decrease market power.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Business mergers and reasons for merging
Show explanation
By merging, companies can often combine their resources, production facilities, and distribution channels, leading to a reduction in average cost per unit and greater efficiency, which is a key economy of scale.
Q.13The term 'C.I.F.' is a trade term that means the seller is responsible for the cost, insurance, and freight of the goods to the destination port. Which of the following is the buyer responsible for under this term?
A. Only the freight charges.
B. All costs until the goods reach the port.
C. All costs after the goods are delivered to the destination port.
D. The cost of the goods and the insurance.
The term 'C.I.F.' is a trade term that means the seller is responsible for the cost, insurance, and freight of the goods to the destination port. Which of the following is the buyer responsible for under this term?
A. Only the freight charges.
B. All costs until the goods reach the port.
C. All costs after the goods are delivered to the destination port.
D. The cost of the goods and the insurance.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Terms of trade
Show explanation
Under C.I.F., the seller's responsibility ends once the goods are on board the ship and the insurance and freight have been paid. The buyer then takes on the risk and all subsequent costs, including unloading and transport to the final destination.
Q.14Which of the following is an example of a tertiary occupation?
A. A fisherman
B. A teacher
C. A carpenter
D. A factory worker
Which of the following is an example of a tertiary occupation?
A. A fisherman
B. A teacher
C. A carpenter
D. A factory worker
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Types of occupation
Show explanation
Tertiary occupations are those that provide services, such as banking, education, and healthcare. A fisherman is in a primary occupation, and a carpenter and a factory worker are in secondary occupations.
Q.15What is the primary role of a Bureau de Change in the Nigerian economy?
A. Regulating the banking sector.
B. Issuing new currency notes.
C. Facilitating foreign currency exchange at market-determined rates.
D. Providing long-term loans to businesses.
What is the primary role of a Bureau de Change in the Nigerian economy?
A. Regulating the banking sector.
B. Issuing new currency notes.
C. Facilitating foreign currency exchange at market-determined rates.
D. Providing long-term loans to businesses.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: The role of Bureau de Change in an economy
Show explanation
A Bureau de Change is a licensed business that buys and sells foreign currencies, providing a service for individuals and businesses who need to convert currency for travel, trade, or other purposes.
Q.16The practice of a business acting in a way that benefits society and the environment, beyond its legal obligations, is known as:
A. Profit maximization
B. Philanthropic consideration
C. Market segmentation
D. Tax evasion
The practice of a business acting in a way that benefits society and the environment, beyond its legal obligations, is known as:
A. Profit maximization
B. Philanthropic consideration
C. Market segmentation
D. Tax evasion
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Social responsibility
Show explanation
Philanthropic and societal considerations are part of a business's social responsibility. This includes actions like donating to charity, supporting community projects, and engaging in environmentally friendly practices
Q.17What is the primary function of a Stock Exchange?
A. To provide loans to companies.
B. To regulate the banking industry.
C. To facilitate the buying and selling of securities.
D. To act as a central bank for the government.
What is the primary function of a Stock Exchange?
A. To provide loans to companies.
B. To regulate the banking industry.
C. To facilitate the buying and selling of securities.
D. To act as a central bank for the government.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Functions of the Stock Exchange
Show explanation
The Stock Exchange is a formal marketplace where investors can buy and sell financial instruments like stocks, shares, and bonds. This provides liquidity for investors and allows companies to raise capital.
Q.18In the communication process, a major barrier is when the receiver does not understand the message due to different interpretations of words or symbols. This is known as:
A. Noise
B. Semantic barrier
C. Physical barrier
D. Psychological barrier
In the communication process, a major barrier is when the receiver does not understand the message due to different interpretations of words or symbols. This is known as:
A. Noise
B. Semantic barrier
C. Physical barrier
D. Psychological barrier
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Barriers to communication
Show explanation
A semantic barrier occurs when words, phrases, or symbols used in communication have different meanings for the sender and receiver. This can lead to misinterpretation and a breakdown in communication.
Q.19The Sale of Goods Act primarily governs:
A. The sale of all goods, including land.
B. The rights and duties of sellers and buyers of movable goods.
C. The sale of services between companies.
D. The hire of goods for a specified period.
The Sale of Goods Act primarily governs:
A. The sale of all goods, including land.
B. The rights and duties of sellers and buyers of movable goods.
C. The sale of services between companies.
D. The hire of goods for a specified period.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Patents, trademarks, and copyrights
Show explanation
The Sale of Goods Act establishes rules and implied conditions for transactions involving movable goods. It defines the responsibilities of both parties regarding the quality, title, and delivery of goods.
Q.20In the context of business finance, what is the main difference between dissolution and liquidation?
A. Dissolution is the winding up of a company, while liquidation is the cessation of business operations.
B. Dissolution refers to the company ceasing its legal existence, while liquidation is the process of selling assets to pay off debts.
C. Dissolution is always voluntary, while liquidation is always forced by creditors.
D. Dissolution can only occur for a partnership, while liquidation applies only to a company.
In the context of business finance, what is the main difference between dissolution and liquidation?
A. Dissolution is the winding up of a company, while liquidation is the cessation of business operations.
B. Dissolution refers to the company ceasing its legal existence, while liquidation is the process of selling assets to pay off debts.
C. Dissolution is always voluntary, while liquidation is always forced by creditors.
D. Dissolution can only occur for a partnership, while liquidation applies only to a company.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Dissolution and liquidation of a business
Show explanation
Dissolution marks the end of a company's legal life. Liquidation is the procedural step that follows, involving the sale of the company's assets to pay its creditors and distribute any remaining funds to shareholders.