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Free JAMB Past Question for agriculture
Q.1Which of the following is a problem associated with agricultural insurance?
A) It guarantees full compensation for all losses.
B) It is easily accessible to all farmers.
C) It has complex and expensive premiums.
D) It encourages farmers to take higher risks.
Which of the following is a problem associated with agricultural insurance?
A) It guarantees full compensation for all losses.
B) It is easily accessible to all farmers.
C) It has complex and expensive premiums.
D) It encourages farmers to take higher risks.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Agricultural finance and insurance.
Show explanation
While agricultural insurance is important, a major problem is often the complexity and high cost of the premiums. This can make it inaccessible or unaffordable for many small-scale farmers in West Africa.
Q.2The process of converting forage crops into silage primarily involves which method of preservation?
A) Sun-drying the crops.
B) Anaerobic fermentation.
C) Cooking and canning.
D) Chemical desiccation.
The process of converting forage crops into silage primarily involves which method of preservation?
A) Sun-drying the crops.
B) Anaerobic fermentation.
C) Cooking and canning.
D) Chemical desiccation.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Post-harvest operations.
Show explanation
Silage is a method of preserving pasture and forage crops for livestock feed. The process relies on anaerobic fermentation, where beneficial bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and preserves the crop. Hay-making, on the other hand, involves sun-drying.
Q.3The process of embryo formation and development in a plant culminates in the formation of what?
A) Flowers and leaves.
B) Roots and shoots.
C) Seeds and fruits.
D) Pollen and ovules.
The process of embryo formation and development in a plant culminates in the formation of what?
A) Flowers and leaves.
B) Roots and shoots.
C) Seeds and fruits.
D) Pollen and ovules.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Plant propagation and genetics.
Show explanation
The process of embryo formation and development in plants is a crucial part of the reproductive cycle, leading directly to the formation of seeds and fruits.
Q.4Which of the following is a common method of post-harvest processing for garri?
A) Sun-drying of whole cassava tubers.
B) Fermentation and roasting of grated cassava.
C) Boiling cassava roots to make a paste.
D) Crushing fresh cassava and extracting the starch.
Which of the following is a common method of post-harvest processing for garri?
A) Sun-drying of whole cassava tubers.
B) Fermentation and roasting of grated cassava.
C) Boiling cassava roots to make a paste.
D) Crushing fresh cassava and extracting the starch.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Post-harvest processing.
Show explanation
Garri processing is a traditional method that involves several steps, including the fermentation and roasting of grated cassava. This process removes cyanide, preserves the product, and gives it its characteristic texture and taste
Q.5What is the primary reason for conducting a quarantine program in animal improvement?
A) To separate animals based on their breed.
B) To provide a controlled environment for inbreeding.
C) To prevent the spread of diseases from newly introduced animals.
D) To cross-breed different species.
What is the primary reason for conducting a quarantine program in animal improvement?
A) To separate animals based on their breed.
B) To provide a controlled environment for inbreeding.
C) To prevent the spread of diseases from newly introduced animals.
D) To cross-breed different species.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Animal improvement.
Show explanation
Quarantine is a method of animal improvement that is crucial for preventing the introduction and spread of diseases. Newly introduced animals are isolated for a period to ensure they are healthy before they are integrated into the existing herd.
Q.6Which of the following is an advantage of agricultural mechanization?
A) It requires less capital investment.
B) It reduces the need for skilled labor.
C) It increases the speed and efficiency of farm operations.
D) It is less susceptible to breakdown.
Which of the following is an advantage of agricultural mechanization?
A) It requires less capital investment.
B) It reduces the need for skilled labor.
C) It increases the speed and efficiency of farm operations.
D) It is less susceptible to breakdown.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Agricultural mechanization
Show explanation
The use of farm machinery, or mechanization, significantly increases the speed and efficiency of agricultural operations, such as plowing, planting, and harvesting. This allows for the cultivation of larger areas and a reduction in labor-intensive tasks.
Q.7Which of the following terms describes the act of a female goat giving birth?
A) Calving.
B) Farrowing.
C) Kidding.
D) Lambing.
Which of the following terms describes the act of a female goat giving birth?
A) Calving.
B) Farrowing.
C) Kidding.
D) Lambing.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Terminologies in animal production.
Show explanation
The term kidding is specifically used to describe the act of a goat giving birth. Calving is for cattle, farrowing is for pigs, and lambing is for sheep.
Q.8A farmer observes that the leaves of his maize plants have a distinct yellowing, especially in the older leaves. This is a classic symptom of a deficiency in which macronutrient?
A) Phosphorus.
B) Potassium.
C) Nitrogen.
D) Calcium.
A farmer observes that the leaves of his maize plants have a distinct yellowing, especially in the older leaves. This is a classic symptom of a deficiency in which macronutrient?
A) Phosphorus.
B) Potassium.
C) Nitrogen.
D) Calcium.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Plant nutrition and mineral deficiencies.
Show explanation
Nitrogen deficiency typically presents as chlorosis (yellowing) starting from the older leaves because nitrogen is a mobile nutrient that the plant moves from older to newer leaves to support growth.
Q.9A farmer notices a disease outbreak in his herd. He suspects the disease is caused by a protozoan. What would be an appropriate control measure?
A) Administering antibiotics.
B) Administering an antiviral vaccine.
C) Applying deworming medication.
D) Administering an antiprotozoal drug.
A farmer notices a disease outbreak in his herd. He suspects the disease is caused by a protozoan. What would be an appropriate control measure?
A) Administering antibiotics.
B) Administering an antiviral vaccine.
C) Applying deworming medication.
D) Administering an antiprotozoal drug.
Correct Answer: option d
Further reading: Disease prevention and control.
Show explanation
Different types of pathogens require specific treatments. Protozoal diseases, like coccidiosis, are controlled by antiprotozoal drugs, not antibiotics (for bacteria), vaccines (for viruses), or dewormers (for parasites).
Q.10Which of the following is a key feature of the Land Use Act in Nigeria, as it relates to agricultural land?
A) It allows for the unrestricted sale of land by individuals.
B) It vests all land in the state governor.
C) It promotes communal land ownership.
D) It exempts agricultural land from all government control.
Which of the following is a key feature of the Land Use Act in Nigeria, as it relates to agricultural land?
A) It allows for the unrestricted sale of land by individuals.
B) It vests all land in the state governor.
C) It promotes communal land ownership.
D) It exempts agricultural land from all government control.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Land tenure systems.
Show explanation
A key feature of the Land Use Act is that it vests all land in the territory of a state in the governor of that state, who holds it in trust for the people. This fundamentally changed land ownership and access for agriculture.
Q.11A farmer applies organic manure to his farm. What is the main advantage of this method compared to using inorganic fertilizers?
A) It provides nutrients in a more concentrated form.
B) It improves the physical properties of the soil.
C) It is always easier to transport and store.
D) It provides a rapid and immediate nutrient boost.
A farmer applies organic manure to his farm. What is the main advantage of this method compared to using inorganic fertilizers?
A) It provides nutrients in a more concentrated form.
B) It improves the physical properties of the soil.
C) It is always easier to transport and store.
D) It provides a rapid and immediate nutrient boost.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Manure and fertilizers.
Show explanation
While both organic and inorganic fertilizers provide nutrients, organic manure improves the soil's physical properties, such as structure, water-holding capacity, and aeration. Inorganic fertilizers are more concentrated and provide a faster nutrient release, but they do not contribute significantly to long-term soil structure.
Q.12Which of the following is a biotic factor that affects agricultural production?
A) Rainfall.
B) Sunlight.
C) Pests.
D) Temperature.
Which of the following is a biotic factor that affects agricultural production?
A) Rainfall.
B) Sunlight.
C) Pests.
D) Temperature.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Ecological factors.
Show explanation
Biotic factors are living or once-living components of an ecosystem that affect agricultural production. Pests, diseases, and beneficial organisms are all examples of biotic factors, while rainfall, sunlight, and temperature are abiotic (non-living) factors.
Q.13The establishment of a game reserve is primarily for what purpose?
A) To domesticate all wild animals.
B) To protect and conserve wildlife habitats and species.
C) To provide a space for hunting.
D) To convert wild animals into farm animals.
The establishment of a game reserve is primarily for what purpose?
A) To domesticate all wild animals.
B) To protect and conserve wildlife habitats and species.
C) To provide a space for hunting.
D) To convert wild animals into farm animals.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Wildlife and apiculture.
Show explanation
Game reserves are established for the crucial purpose of conserving and protecting wildlife habitats and the animal species within them.
Q.14The Nigerian government provides incentives for small and medium-sized farms, aiming to increase local food production and reduce dependence on imports. This action directly addresses which importance of agriculture?
A) Source of foreign exchange.
B) Provision of food.
C) Source of employment.
D) Supply of industrial raw materials.
The Nigerian government provides incentives for small and medium-sized farms, aiming to increase local food production and reduce dependence on imports. This action directly addresses which importance of agriculture?
A) Source of foreign exchange.
B) Provision of food.
C) Source of employment.
D) Supply of industrial raw materials.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Importance of agriculture in the Nigerian economy
Show explanation
A direct consequence of increasing local food production is the provision of food for the country's population, which is a fundamental importance of agriculture.
Q.15Which of the following farm inputs is considered a material used for planting?
A) Herbicides.
B) Seeds.
C) Fertilizers.
D) Pesticides.
Which of the following farm inputs is considered a material used for planting?
A) Herbicides.
B) Seeds.
C) Fertilizers.
D) Pesticides.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Farm inputs.
Show explanation
Planting materials are a specific type of farm input. Seeds, cuttings, and suckers are all examples of planting materials, whereas herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides are agrochemicals.
Q.16A farmer wants to test the effectiveness of a new fertilizer on his yam crop. Which of the following is an essential basic concept in planning this agricultural experiment?
A) Ignoring the weather forecast.
B) Using a control group that does not receive the fertilizer.
C) Applying the fertilizer at a random rate.
D) Harvesting the crop prematurely.
A farmer wants to test the effectiveness of a new fertilizer on his yam crop. Which of the following is an essential basic concept in planning this agricultural experiment?
A) Ignoring the weather forecast.
B) Using a control group that does not receive the fertilizer.
C) Applying the fertilizer at a random rate.
D) Harvesting the crop prematurely.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Agricultural experimentation.
Show explanation
A control group is a fundamental concept in agricultural experiments. It provides a baseline for comparison, allowing the farmer to accurately assess the effect of the new fertilizer by comparing the results to a group of yams that received no fertilizer.
Q.17What is the main role of the organic matter component of the soil?
A) To provide structural support for plants.
B) To act as a reservoir for essential plant nutrients.
C) To increase the clay content of the soil.
D) To reduce the soil's water-holding capacity.
What is the main role of the organic matter component of the soil?
A) To provide structural support for plants.
B) To act as a reservoir for essential plant nutrients.
C) To increase the clay content of the soil.
D) To reduce the soil's water-holding capacity.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Soil composition.
Show explanation
Organic matter is crucial for soil fertility as it serves as a reservoir for essential plant nutrients, improves soil structure, and enhances water retention.
Q.18A key problem of agricultural development in West Africa is the inadequate infrastructure. Which of the following is a potential solution?
A) Banning the use of imported goods.
B) Establishing more research institutes.
C) Providing better roads and communication systems.
D) Promoting shifting cultivation.
A key problem of agricultural development in West Africa is the inadequate infrastructure. Which of the following is a potential solution?
A) Banning the use of imported goods.
B) Establishing more research institutes.
C) Providing better roads and communication systems.
D) Promoting shifting cultivation.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Problems of agricultural development in West Africa.
Show explanation
Inadequate infrastructure, such as poor transport and communication systems, is a major problem in West African agriculture. A direct solution is the provision of better infrastructure, which facilitates the movement of inputs and produce, reducing post-harvest losses and improving market access.
Q.19In a ruminant's digestive system, which of the following is a primary function?
A) Simple stomach digestion of fibrous material.
B) Chewing the cud (rumination) to further break down food.
C) A single-chambered stomach.
D) Rapid passage of food through the digestive tract.
In a ruminant's digestive system, which of the following is a primary function?
A) Simple stomach digestion of fibrous material.
B) Chewing the cud (rumination) to further break down food.
C) A single-chambered stomach.
D) Rapid passage of food through the digestive tract.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Digestive systems of farm animals.
Show explanation
Ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, are characterized by their multi-compartment stomach and the process of rumination, or "chewing the cud," which allows them to effectively digest fibrous plant material. Non-ruminants have a single-chambered stomach.
Q.20Which of the following is considered a modern aspect of agriculture?
A) Processing of agricultural goods.
B) Shifting cultivation.
C) Bush fallowing.
D) Using modern farm tools and ICT.
Which of the following is considered a modern aspect of agriculture?
A) Processing of agricultural goods.
B) Shifting cultivation.
C) Bush fallowing.
D) Using modern farm tools and ICT.
Correct Answer: option a
Further reading: The meaning and scope of agriculture.
Show explanation
The modern definition of agriculture extends beyond just production to include processing and marketing, reflecting a more comprehensive and value-chain-oriented approach to the sector. Shifting cultivation, bush fallowing, and simple farm tools are traditional or basic practices rather than modern conceptualizations of agriculture's scope.