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Free JAMB Past Question for agriculture
Q.1A farmer is using a drag net to catch fish. What type of fishing system is this most likely associated with?
A) Extensive system (inland fishing).
B) Semi-intensive system.
C) Intensive system (fish pond).
D) Land-based system.
A farmer is using a drag net to catch fish. What type of fishing system is this most likely associated with?
A) Extensive system (inland fishing).
B) Semi-intensive system.
C) Intensive system (fish pond).
D) Land-based system.
Correct Answer: option a
Further reading: Fish culture systems.
Show explanation
The use of drag nets is a method of harvesting fish typically associated with extensive fish culture systems, which include fishing in large bodies of water like lakes, rivers, and inland seas. This method is less common in smaller, controlled fish ponds.
Q.2A farmer wants to test the effectiveness of a new fertilizer on his yam crop. Which of the following is an essential basic concept in planning this agricultural experiment?
A) Ignoring the weather forecast.
B) Using a control group that does not receive the fertilizer.
C) Applying the fertilizer at a random rate.
D) Harvesting the crop prematurely.
A farmer wants to test the effectiveness of a new fertilizer on his yam crop. Which of the following is an essential basic concept in planning this agricultural experiment?
A) Ignoring the weather forecast.
B) Using a control group that does not receive the fertilizer.
C) Applying the fertilizer at a random rate.
D) Harvesting the crop prematurely.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Agricultural experimentation.
Show explanation
A control group is a fundamental concept in agricultural experiments. It provides a baseline for comparison, allowing the farmer to accurately assess the effect of the new fertilizer by comparing the results to a group of yams that received no fertilizer.
Q.3Which of the following best describes the practice of rotational cropping?
A) Growing the same crop on the same plot year after year.
B) Growing different crops on the same plot in a planned sequence.
C) Growing multiple crops at the same time on the same plot.
D) Growing a mixture of crops without a specific pattern.
Which of the following best describes the practice of rotational cropping?
A) Growing the same crop on the same plot year after year.
B) Growing different crops on the same plot in a planned sequence.
C) Growing multiple crops at the same time on the same plot.
D) Growing a mixture of crops without a specific pattern.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Cropping systems.
Show explanation
Rotational cropping involves the systematic and planned sequence of growing different crops on the same piece of land. This practice helps to manage pests and diseases, and it improves soil fertility.
Q.4How does the establishment of research institutes like the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) contribute to agriculture in West Africa?
A) By increasing the adoption of traditional farming methods.
B) By providing direct financial aid to small-scale farmers.
C) By applying science to develop agriculture.
D) By establishing new land tenure systems.
How does the establishment of research institutes like the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) contribute to agriculture in West Africa?
A) By increasing the adoption of traditional farming methods.
B) By providing direct financial aid to small-scale farmers.
C) By applying science to develop agriculture.
D) By establishing new land tenure systems.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Historical development of agriculture in West Africa.
Show explanation
The establishment of national research institutes, such as NCRI, IAR, and IITA, is a key historical development that has led to the increased application of science to develop agriculture. Their role is to innovate and improve agricultural practices, not to promote traditional methods, provide direct finance, or alter land tenure systems.
Q.5The establishment of a large textile factory in Kaduna increases the demand for cotton. This illustrates the relationship between agriculture and which other sector?
A) The service sector.
B) The industrial sector.
C) The financial sector.
D) The mining sector.
The establishment of a large textile factory in Kaduna increases the demand for cotton. This illustrates the relationship between agriculture and which other sector?
A) The service sector.
B) The industrial sector.
C) The financial sector.
D) The mining sector.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: The relationship between agriculture and other sectors.
Show explanation
The textile factory is part of the industrial sector, which relies on agriculture for the supply of raw materials like cotton. This demonstrates a key interdependence between the two sectors.
Q.6What is the primary objective of a seed viability test?
A) To determine the size of the seeds.
B) To check for the presence of pests.
C) To estimate the percentage of seeds that will germinate.
D) To measure the moisture content of the seeds.
What is the primary objective of a seed viability test?
A) To determine the size of the seeds.
B) To check for the presence of pests.
C) To estimate the percentage of seeds that will germinate.
D) To measure the moisture content of the seeds.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Seed viability.
Show explanation
A seed viability test is conducted to determine the percentage of seeds in a lot that are capable of germinating and producing healthy seedlings. This is crucial for farmers to calculate the appropriate seed rate and ensure a successful planting.
Q.7What is the main difference between maintenance ration and production ration for livestock?
A) Maintenance ration is for young animals, while production ration is for adults.
B) Maintenance ration provides nutrients for essential body functions, while production ration provides for additional output like milk or eggs.
C) Maintenance ration is fed to sick animals, while production ration is for healthy ones.
D) Maintenance ration is for ruminants, while production ration is for non-ruminants.
What is the main difference between maintenance ration and production ration for livestock?
A) Maintenance ration is for young animals, while production ration is for adults.
B) Maintenance ration provides nutrients for essential body functions, while production ration provides for additional output like milk or eggs.
C) Maintenance ration is fed to sick animals, while production ration is for healthy ones.
D) Maintenance ration is for ruminants, while production ration is for non-ruminants.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Feeding and nutrition of farm animals.
Show explanation
Maintenance ration provides just enough nutrients to keep an animal healthy and sustain basic body functions without any loss or gain of weight. Production ration, on the other hand, is an additional amount of feed provided to support extra productivity, such as milk, meat, or egg production.
Q.8Which of the following agricultural systems is characterized by farmers moving to a new plot of land after the soil fertility of the current plot is exhausted?
A) Intensive cultivation.
B) Crop rotation.
C) Shifting cultivation.
D) Permanent cultivation.
Which of the following agricultural systems is characterized by farmers moving to a new plot of land after the soil fertility of the current plot is exhausted?
A) Intensive cultivation.
B) Crop rotation.
C) Shifting cultivation.
D) Permanent cultivation.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Systems of agriculture.
Show explanation
Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system where farmers clear a piece of land for farming and then move to a new area once the soil's fertility declines. This allows the previous plot to undergo natural regeneration. Crop rotation and permanent cultivation involve farming on the same land, while intensive cultivation maximizes output on a fixed area.
Q.9A key problem of agricultural development in West Africa is the inadequate infrastructure. Which of the following is a potential solution?
A) Banning the use of imported goods.
B) Establishing more research institutes.
C) Providing better roads and communication systems.
D) Promoting shifting cultivation.
A key problem of agricultural development in West Africa is the inadequate infrastructure. Which of the following is a potential solution?
A) Banning the use of imported goods.
B) Establishing more research institutes.
C) Providing better roads and communication systems.
D) Promoting shifting cultivation.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Problems of agricultural development in West Africa.
Show explanation
Inadequate infrastructure, such as poor transport and communication systems, is a major problem in West African agriculture. A direct solution is the provision of better infrastructure, which facilitates the movement of inputs and produce, reducing post-harvest losses and improving market access.
Q.10What is a key problem associated with the marketing of agricultural products?
A) High price elasticity of demand and supply.
B) The perishability of the products.
C) Uniform quality and standardization.
D) Easy availability of credit facilities.
What is a key problem associated with the marketing of agricultural products?
A) High price elasticity of demand and supply.
B) The perishability of the products.
C) Uniform quality and standardization.
D) Easy availability of credit facilities.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Marketing of agricultural products.
Show explanation
A major problem in agricultural marketing is the perishability of most agricultural products. This often leads to a short shelf life, forcing farmers to sell their produce quickly, sometimes at lower prices, to avoid spoilage.
Q.11The process of converting forage crops into silage primarily involves which method of preservation?
A) Sun-drying the crops.
B) Anaerobic fermentation.
C) Cooking and canning.
D) Chemical desiccation.
The process of converting forage crops into silage primarily involves which method of preservation?
A) Sun-drying the crops.
B) Anaerobic fermentation.
C) Cooking and canning.
D) Chemical desiccation.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Post-harvest operations.
Show explanation
Silage is a method of preserving pasture and forage crops for livestock feed. The process relies on anaerobic fermentation, where beneficial bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and preserves the crop. Hay-making, on the other hand, involves sun-drying.
Q.12Which of the following is a key feature of the Land Use Act in Nigeria, as it relates to agricultural land?
A) It allows for the unrestricted sale of land by individuals.
B) It vests all land in the state governor.
C) It promotes communal land ownership.
D) It exempts agricultural land from all government control.
Which of the following is a key feature of the Land Use Act in Nigeria, as it relates to agricultural land?
A) It allows for the unrestricted sale of land by individuals.
B) It vests all land in the state governor.
C) It promotes communal land ownership.
D) It exempts agricultural land from all government control.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Land tenure systems.
Show explanation
A key feature of the Land Use Act is that it vests all land in the territory of a state in the governor of that state, who holds it in trust for the people. This fundamentally changed land ownership and access for agriculture.
Q.13The concept of scale of preference in agricultural economics helps a farmer to:
A) calculate the total production cost.
B) rank their needs and make choices based on their priorities.
C) determine the market price of their produce.
D) measure the elasticity of demand for their crops.
The concept of scale of preference in agricultural economics helps a farmer to:
A) calculate the total production cost.
B) rank their needs and make choices based on their priorities.
C) determine the market price of their produce.
D) measure the elasticity of demand for their crops.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Principles of economics.
Show explanation
The scale of preference is an economic concept where individuals or businesses rank their wants in order of importance. A farmer uses this to make rational choices about what to produce, which resources to use, and how to allocate their limited capital.
Q.14What is the primary method of weed dispersal for weeds like Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) which has feathery seeds?
A) Water dispersal.
B) Animal dispersal.
C) Wind dispersal.
D) Mechanical dispersal.
What is the primary method of weed dispersal for weeds like Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) which has feathery seeds?
A) Water dispersal.
B) Animal dispersal.
C) Wind dispersal.
D) Mechanical dispersal.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Weed control methods.
Show explanation
Weeds with light, feathery or winged seeds, like Chromolaena odorata, are primarily dispersed by wind. This allows their seeds to travel over long distances and colonize new areas effectively.
Q.15In a farm's profit and loss account book, what is the value of an asset at the end of its useful life?
A) Gross profit.
B) Appreciation value.
C) Salvage value.
D) Net profit.
In a farm's profit and loss account book, what is the value of an asset at the end of its useful life?
A) Gross profit.
B) Appreciation value.
C) Salvage value.
D) Net profit.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Farm accounting.
Show explanation
The salvage value is the estimated value of an asset at the end of its projected useful life. This is a key figure used in calculating depreciation.
Q.16A farmer wants to control a pest by using a trap crop. What is the principle behind this method?
A) It uses a chemical to poison the pest.
B) It involves planting a crop that attracts pests away from the main crop.
C) It uses a physical barrier to prevent pest entry.
D) It involves introducing a natural predator of the pest.
A farmer wants to control a pest by using a trap crop. What is the principle behind this method?
A) It uses a chemical to poison the pest.
B) It involves planting a crop that attracts pests away from the main crop.
C) It uses a physical barrier to prevent pest entry.
D) It involves introducing a natural predator of the pest.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Weed control.
Show explanation
Trap cropping is a weed control method where a specific crop is planted to attract pests away from the main cash crop. This draws the pests to the trap crop, where they can be more easily controlled or eliminated.
Q.17Which of the following is a common symptom of malnutrition in farm animals?
A) Increased milk production.
B) Faster growth rate.
C) Stunted growth or wasting.
D) Increased resistance to diseases.
Which of the following is a common symptom of malnutrition in farm animals?
A) Increased milk production.
B) Faster growth rate.
C) Stunted growth or wasting.
D) Increased resistance to diseases.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Animal health.
Show explanation
Malnutrition, caused by a lack of essential nutrients, can lead to various negative effects on farm animals. A key symptom is stunted growth and wasting, as the animal's body lacks the necessary building blocks for proper development.
Q.18Which of the following is a characteristic feature used to differentiate between monocot and dicot crop plants?
A) The color of their flowers.
B) The number of cotyledons in their seeds.
C) The size of their roots.
D) Their height at maturity.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature used to differentiate between monocot and dicot crop plants?
A) The color of their flowers.
B) The number of cotyledons in their seeds.
C) The size of their roots.
D) Their height at maturity.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Classification of crops.
Show explanation
The most fundamental distinction between monocot and dicot crop plants is the number of embryonic leaves (cotyledons) in their seeds. Monocots have one, while dicots have two.
Q.19The Nigerian government provides incentives for small and medium-sized farms, aiming to increase local food production and reduce dependence on imports. This action directly addresses which importance of agriculture?
A) Source of foreign exchange.
B) Provision of food.
C) Source of employment.
D) Supply of industrial raw materials.
The Nigerian government provides incentives for small and medium-sized farms, aiming to increase local food production and reduce dependence on imports. This action directly addresses which importance of agriculture?
A) Source of foreign exchange.
B) Provision of food.
C) Source of employment.
D) Supply of industrial raw materials.
Correct Answer: option b
Further reading: Importance of agriculture in the Nigerian economy
Show explanation
A direct consequence of increasing local food production is the provision of food for the country's population, which is a fundamental importance of agriculture.
Q.20Which of the following is an example of a mass media extension method?
A) A field demonstration plot.
B) A one-on-one visit by an extension agent.
C) A radio broadcast on new farming techniques.
D) A farmers' cooperative meeting.
Which of the following is an example of a mass media extension method?
A) A field demonstration plot.
B) A one-on-one visit by an extension agent.
C) A radio broadcast on new farming techniques.
D) A farmers' cooperative meeting.
Correct Answer: option c
Further reading: Agricultural extension methods.
Show explanation
Mass media extension methods, such as a radio broadcast, reach a large audience simultaneously. This is different from group methods like cooperative meetings or individual methods like one-on-one visits